Breastfeeding is the optimal method of feeding for the newborn. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, breastfeeding should be exclusive for the first 6 months of life, followed by appropriate, safe, and adequate complementary feeding. The oromotor skills and swallowing function that develop during exclusive breastfeeding are essential for proper nutritional development in infants. These functions are intrinsically linked to the maturation of anatomical and neurological structures involved in the feeding process. This article examines the physiological development of these skills, theirimportance for nutrition and language, and the crucial role of the parental figure in supporting this development. Feeding function and swallowing are complex evolutionary processes that develop in parallel with other motor skills. These processes require the integrity of the anatomical structures involved, including the stomatognathic apparatus, the larynx, and the epiglottis. The epiglottis, in particular, plays a crucial role by closing during swallowing to protect the airways. Additionally, the integrity of neural structures in the brain is fundamental for the development of the innervation of the involved muscles and for the maturation of innate reflexes. Some of these reflexes, essential at birth, disappear within the first year of life, while others form the foundation for the development of subsequent oral skills.
Arturo Giustardi
Neonatologo, Presidente AICIP,
Bressanone
Monika Stablum
Consulente pre e post natale
Bolzano
Alexandra Semjonova
AICIP Nazionale